What are the cine zoom techniques in movies?

The cine zoom techniques in movies mainly include the following three types, each of which achieves unique visual effects through different techniques:
1. Sliding Zoom (Hitchcock Zoom/Dolly Zoom)
Principle: By synchronously changing the camera's physical position (forward and backward movement) and lens focal length, the subject size remains unchanged while the background perspective relationship is distorted. There are two specific methods of operation:
External retreat and internal advance: When the camera retreats, the focal length is reduced (telephoto effect)
External advance and internal retreat: When the camera advances, the focal length is zoomed out (wide-angle effect)
Effect: Create psychological cues of dizziness, tension, or cognitive distortion, commonly used in thriller films (such as the staircase scene in "The Lost").
Classic applications: Jaws (character fear), Pulp Fiction (psychedelic state), The Lord of the Rings (epic sense).
2. Snap Zoom
Features: By rapidly adjusting the focal length, the focus of the image can be instantly zoomed in or out, emphasizing sudden movements or emotional shocks (such as bullet time in "The Matrix").
Technical points: Accurate rhythm control is required to avoid screen shaking.
3. Standard Zoom
Usage: Smooth adjustment of composition or scene switching (such as pushing from panorama to close-up), is the most basic zoom technique.
Attention: Keep a constant speed to avoid visual abruptness, commonly used in dialogue scenes or transitional shots.
Supplementary explanation
Sliding zoom and fast zoom are both subjective lenses that directly intervene in the audience's emotions; Conventional zoom is often an objective narrative tool.
In the field of animation, such as "Gourmet", digital technology can also be used to simulate sliding zoom effects.